![]() Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of dead bodies bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process. Bacteria are vital in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. "Schizomycetaceae" de Toni and Trevisan 1889īacteria ( / b æ k ˈ t ɪər i ə/ ( listen) singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell."Bacteria" ( Cohn 1872) Cavalier-Smith 1983.Scanning electron micrograph of Escherichia coli rods
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